Living in France - The System

The Institutions

The French Constitution enshrines the separation of powers (executive, legislative and judicial).

France is a parliamentary republic. The executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government.

The President of the Republic is elected by all French citizens by means of universal suffrage. The mandate lasts for five years and can be renewed once.

The Government acts under the authority of the Prime Minister, appointed by the President of the Republic. It determines and pursues the country’s policies.

The executive power implements laws and pursues national policy. To this end, it has the power to adopt regulations and is responsible for administration and the armed forces. It may have recourse to means of constraint with respect to the legislative body (e.g. dissolution of one of the chambers).

The Parliament embodies the legislative power and consists of two assemblies: the Assemblée Nationale (National Assembly) and the Senate. It is responsible for drafting and adopting laws. It also controls the executive power.

The judicial power applies the law to settle disputes between individuals or between the State and the latter. Its independence is of paramount importance since this is essential to ensure impartiality. 

Lastly, the Constitution also defines the way in which local authorities are organised. It indicates the respective powers of the State and of local institutions.

Local Authorities

Each region is administered by a regional “préfet” or prefect, who represents the authority of the State, and by a regional council, elected by means of universal suffrage, the president of which has executive power.

Each department is administered by a departmental prefect, who represents the authority of the State, and by a regional council, elected by means of universal suffrage, the president of which has executive power.

Each municipality is administered by a mayor, his/her deputies and the municipal council. They are all elected by means of universal suffrage.

Source: European Union
© European Communities, 1995-2006
Reproduction is authorised.